[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.samlik.cz\/sigmund-freud\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.samlik.cz\/sigmund-freud\/","headline":"Sigmund Freud","name":"Sigmund Freud","description":"Narodil se v roce 1856 a to na Morav\u011b v dob\u011b, kdy toto \u00fazem\u00ed pat\u0159ilo rodu Habsburk\u016f. P\u016fsobil jako l\u00e9ka\u0159 […]","datePublished":"2019-05-01","dateModified":"2023-05-03","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.samlik.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.samlik.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/212a6ea425a80cff3df937dbbc230f07127cee4fead311d1e3d946308365d666?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/212a6ea425a80cff3df937dbbc230f07127cee4fead311d1e3d946308365d666?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"samlik.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.samlik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a345149_w2331_t1558863080.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.samlik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a345149_w2331_t1558863080.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.samlik.cz\/sigmund-freud\/","wordCount":476,"articleBody":" Narodil se v roce 1856 a to na Morav\u011b v dob\u011b, kdy toto \u00fazem\u00ed pat\u0159ilo rodu Habsburk\u016f. P\u016fsobil jako l\u00e9ka\u0159 a psycholog.  K Sigmundovi za\u0159\u00edd\u00edme metodu voln\u00fdch asociac\u00edch. Zde jde o to, \u017ee pacient dostane instrukci, aby \u0159\u00edkal v\u0161e, co mu p\u0159ijde na mysl, a to i kdy\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o choulostivou \u010di zbyte\u010dnou v\u011bc. P\u0159i pozorn\u00e9m naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto asociac\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee nal\u00e9zt t\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 je ukryt\u00e9 v jeho nev\u011bdom\u00ed. Podobn\u00e9 t\u00e9ma potom byl schopn\u00fd ur\u010dit i v ran\u00fdch vzpom\u00ednk\u00e1ch nebo ve snech. Tak\u00e9 mus\u00edm zm\u00ednit tzv. determinismus. To je teorie, \u017ee v\u0161echny emoce a \u010diny maj\u00ed svoj\u00ed prvotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu. O t\u00e9to problematice p\u00ed\u0161e n\u011bkolika sv\u00fdch publikac\u00ed a to nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201cV\u00fdklad sn\u016f\u201d z roku 1900 nebo \u201cN\u00e1rys psychoanal\u00fdza\u201d z roku 1940  A nyn\u00ed k nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu bodu jeho psychologie, a to k struktu\u0159e osobnosti. Podle Freuda se osobnost skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z t\u0159ech \u010d\u00e1sti. Pomysln\u00e9 j\u00e1dro, nebo nejmen\u0161\u00ed kole\u010dko je tzv. \u201cid\u201d nebo tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1mo jako \u201cono\u201d. To je ta nejprimitivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st osobnosti, kter\u00e1 se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed hlavn\u011b principem slasti. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee usiluje o bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed uspokojen\u00ed impulz\u016f, a to naprosto bezohledn\u011b. Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je EGO. U\u017e jako d\u011bti se nau\u010d\u00edme, \u017ee impulz\u016fm nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u017edy vyhov\u011bno. Ego tedy funguje na principu reality a tak\u00e9 jako prost\u0159edn\u00edk mezi ID a Superegem. To je takov\u00e1 na\u0161e vnit\u0159n\u00ed mor\u00e1lka a p\u0159edstava dokonalosti. Vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 konflikty mezi t\u011bmito \u010d\u00e1sti jsou principem vzniku \u00fazkosti. Freud tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkal, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk m\u00e1 jist\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed psychick\u00e9 energie, za\u010dnou libido, co\u017e jen potvrzuje jeho p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed pud je prim\u00e1rn\u00ed.  No a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b k jeho teorii o v\u00fdvoji osobnosti. Ta se podle n\u011bj skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze st\u00e1di\u00ed psychosexu\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje. Prvn\u00ed rok \u017eivota se \u0159ad\u00ed k or\u00e1ln\u00edmu st\u00e1dium, v tomto obdob\u00ed m\u00e1 d\u00edt\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed z kojen\u00ed a s\u00e1n\u00ed. V druh\u00e9m roku \u017eivota postupuje do an\u00e1ln\u00edho st\u00e1dia, kde je hlavn\u00edm principem slasti vym\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Za dal\u0161\u00ed rok se d\u00edt\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed v obdob\u00edm falick\u00e9m a v t\u00e9to kategorii z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 a\u017e do \u0161esti let. Zv\u00fdraz\u0148uj\u00ed se rozd\u00edly mezi d\u00edvkou a chlapem a vznik\u00e1 oidipovsk\u00fd komplex. Tento komplex spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v sexu\u00e1ln\u00edch impulzech d\u00edt\u011bte k opa\u010dn\u00e9mu pohlav\u00ed sv\u00e9ho rodi\u010de. Po vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto komplexu p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed latence, kter\u00e1 trv\u00e1 a\u017e do 12 let, to kon\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edchodem puberty a genit\u00e1ln\u00edm st\u00e1dium.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4.3\/5 - (16 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Sigmund Freud","item":"https:\/\/www.samlik.cz\/sigmund-freud\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]